Enter the feedback resistor Rf, ground resistor Rg and input voltage to calculate ideal closed-loop gain and requested output voltage. Rf connects the output to the inverting input; Rg connects the inverting input to ground. The signal enters the non-inverting input. All voltages use that same ground reference.
Enter both resistances in ohms: 9 kΩ is 9000 Ω. Enter voltages in volts: 500 mV is 0.5 V. The supported ranges are 0–10,000,000 Ω for Rf, 1–10,000,000 Ω for Rg, and −1000 to +1000 V for each voltage input. These are calculator input bounds, not component ratings or recommended operating ranges.
The registered calculator unit catalogue has no ohm or volt units, so these inputs use scalar unit 1 internally; the labels specify the required physical units. No resistance or voltage unit conversion is performed.
The lower swing limit must be strictly less than the upper limit. Check that the displayed limit span is positive before interpreting either margin. The calculator reports the span numerically; it does not automatically reject reversed or equal limits. Defaults are illustrative values, not specifications for an op-amp.
The gain and output equations follow Texas Instruments’ Non-Inverting Amplifier Circuit, page 2. Its R1 is the feedback resistor Rf used here, and its R2 is the ground resistor Rg.
For a positive limit span, both margins being nonnegative means the ideal requested output lies within the supplied interval, including its endpoints. A negative lower margin means the request is below the lower limit by that margin’s magnitude. A negative upper margin means it exceeds the upper limit by that margin’s magnitude. A zero margin means the request is exactly at that boundary, subject to display rounding.
These are arithmetic comparisons with your limits. The requested output is not clipped to them, and the calculator does not predict the actual saturated output or certify that a device can produce the requested voltage. Supply limits appropriate to your device and operating conditions; supply rails alone do not establish usable output swing.
Unavailable results are not zero. A zero divisor or numeric-range failure makes dependent calculations unavailable. Display rounding can conceal very small margins.
| Vin (V) | Supplied limits (V) | Gain (V/V) | Requested output (V) | Lower margin (V) | Upper margin (V) | Interpretation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.5 | −10 to +10 | 10 | 5 | 15 | 5 | Within supplied interval |
| 1.2 | −10 to +10 | 10 | 12 | 22 | −2 | Exceeds upper limit by 2 V |
| −1.2 | −10 to +10 | 10 | −12 | −2 | 22 | Below lower limit by 2 V |
| 1 | −10 to +10 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 0 | At upper boundary |
| 0.5 | +10 to −10 | 10 | 5 | −5 | −15 | Invalid comparison: limit span is −20 V |
For Rf = 9000 Ω and Rg = 1000 Ω, gain is (9000 + 1000) / 1000 = 10 V/V. With Vin = 0.5 V, the ideal requested output is 10 × 0.5 = 5 V. For supplied limits of −10 V and +10 V, the lower margin is 5 − (−10) = 15 V and the upper margin is 10 − 5 = 5 V. Both margins are positive.
The model assumes ideal negative feedback and a grounded Rg. It does not model input common-mode restrictions, finite bandwidth, slew rate, load effects or stability. A request inside the supplied limits is only an interval check. Texas Instruments discusses these practical constraints in the design notes on page 1 of Non-Inverting Amplifier Circuit.
Formula source
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