Bitcoin gain example
Inputs: $1,000 invested, $2,400 final value, 2 years, $10 buy fee, $10 exit fee.
Formula: net profit = $2,390 - $1,010 = $1,380; ROI after fees = $1,380 / $1,010.
Result: 136.63% ROI after fees and about 53.83% CAGR.
The investment more than doubled even after fees, and annualizing shows how strong the return was per year.
Loss example
Inputs: $1,500 invested, $900 final value, 1.25 years, no fees.
Formula: net profit = $900 - $1,500 = -$600; ROI = -$600 / $1,500.
Result: -40.00% ROI and about -33.58% CAGR.
A negative CAGR shows the yearly compound rate that would turn the starting value into the lower ending value.
Benchmark comparison example
Inputs: $2,000 invested, $2,500 final value, 3 years, 6% benchmark.
Formula: benchmark final = $2,000 x 1.06^3 = $2,382.03; gap = $2,500 - $2,382.03.
Result: $117.97 ahead of benchmark, or about 4.95% outperformance versus the benchmark final value.
The HODL won, but the benchmark view shows the extra return after accounting for time.